Mycoplasma is an extremely challenging pathogenic bacterial disease for backyard poultry flock owners to face. Four major species of mycoplasma cause disease in domestic poultry; Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM), and Mycoplasma iowae (MI). MM is specific only to turkeys while the other three mycoplasma species can infect turkeys, chickens, pheasants, and quail. This publication will focus on understanding mycoplasma with an emphasis on MS.